| z ¯ | = | z | {\displaystyle |{\bar {z}}|=|z|}
| ( z ¯ ) n | = | z | n {\displaystyle |({\bar {z}})^{n}|=|z|^{n}}
arg ( z n ) = n arg ( z ) {\displaystyle \arg(z^{n})=n\arg(z)}
{ x = l sin φ y = − l cos φ − a cos ν t {\displaystyle {\begin{matrix}\left\{{\begin{matrix}x&=&l\sin \varphi \\y&=&-l\cos \varphi -a\cos \nu t\end{matrix}}\right.\end{matrix}}}
