Difference between revisions of "Dynamic routing IPv6"
| Line 250: | Line 250: | ||
Добавяне на рутираните интерфейси | Добавяне на рутираните интерфейси | ||
| − | student@bazhdar | + | student@bazhdar$ telnet ::1 2606 |
ospf6d@plant# configure terminal | ospf6d@plant# configure terminal | ||
ospf6d@plant(config)# router ospf6 | ospf6d@plant(config)# router ospf6 | ||
Revision as of 16:10, 10 December 2013
IPv6
- 48 бита Routing Prefix:
- 23 бита Registry
- 9 бита ISP Prefix
- 16 бита Site Prefix
- 16 бита Subnet Prefix
- 64 бита Interface ID
Три вида адреси: ===Unicast=== Идентификатор на интерфейс. Пакет изпратен до unicast адрес се изпраща до интерфейса настроен с този адрес. Примерни адреси:
- FEDC:BA98:7654:3210:FEDC:BA98:7654:3210
- 1080:0:0:0:8:800:200C:417A ( 1080::800:200C:417A)
===Anycast=== Идентификатор на група интерфейси (най-често принадлежащи на различни комуникационни точки (нодове). Пакет изпратен към anycast адрес се доставя на един от интерфейсите от тази група ("най-близкия" според метриката рутиращия протокол). Поструктура не се различава от unicast адрес
неопределен адрес
- ::/128 — The address with all zero bits is called the unspecified address (corresponding to 0.0.0.0/32 in IPv4).
Default route
- ::/0 — The default unicast route address (corresponding to 0.0.0.0/0 in IPv4).
Локален адрес=
- ::1/128 — The loopback address is a unicast localhost address. If an application in a host sends packets to this address, the IPv6 stack will loop these packets back on the same virtual interface (corresponding to 127.0.0.1/8 in IPv4).
- fe80::/10 — Addresses in the link-local prefix are only valid and unique on a single link. Within this prefix only one subnet is allocated (54 zero bits), yielding an effective format of fe80::/64. The least significant 64 bits are usually chosen as the interface hardware address constructed in modified EUI-64 format. A link-local address is required on every IPv6-enabled interface—in other words, applications may rely on the existence of a link-local address even when there is no IPv6 routing. These addresses are comparable to the auto-configuration addresses 169.254.0.0/16 of IPv4.
Уникални Локални адреси (Unique local addresses)
- fc00::/7 — Unique local addresses (ULAs) are intended for local communication. They are routable only within a set of cooperating sites.<ref name=rfc1918>RFC 1918, Address Allocation for Private Internets, Y. Rekhter, B. Moskowitz, D. Karrenberg, G.J. De Groot, E. Lear (February 1996)</ref> The block is split into two halves, the upper half (fd00::/8) is used for "probabilistically unique" addresses in which a 40-bit pseudorandom number is used to obtain a /48 allocation. This means that there is only a small chance that two sites that wish to merge or communicate with each other will have conflicting addresses. No allocation method for the lower half of the block is currently defined.
Transition from IPv4
- ::ffff:0:0/96 — This prefix is designated as an IPv4-mapped IPv6 address. With a few exceptions, this address type allows the transparent use of the Transport Layer protocols over IPv4 through the IPv6 networking application programming interface. Server applications only need to open a single listening socket to handle connections from clients using IPv6 or IPv4 protocols. IPv6 clients will be handled natively by default, and IPv4 clients appear as IPv6 clients at their IPv4-mapped IPv6 address. Transmission is handled similarly; established sockets may be used to transmit IPv4 or IPv6 datagram, based on the binding to an IPv6 address, or an IPv4-mapped address. (See also Transition mechanisms.)
- ::ffff:0:0:0/96 — A prefix used for IPv4-translated addresses which are used by the Stateless IP/ICMP Translation (SIIT) protocol.
- 64:ff9b::/96 — The "Well-Known" Prefix. Addresses with this prefix are used for automatic IPv4/IPv6 translation.<ref name=rfc6052>RFC 6052, "IPv6 Addressing of IPv4/IPv6 Translators", C. Bao, C. Huitema, M. Bagnulo, M. Boucadair, X. Li, (October 2010)</ref>
- 2002::/16 — This prefix is used for 6to4 addressing. Here, an address from the IPv4 network 192.88.99.0/24 is also used.
Multicast адреси
Идентификатор на група интерфейси (най-често принадлежащи на различни комуникационни точки (нодове). Пакет изпратен до мултикаст адрес се доставя до всеки интерфейс, който се идентифицира с този адрес.
The multicast addresses ff00::0/8 are reserved<ref name=rfc4291 /> and should not be assigned to any multicast group. The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) manages address reservations.<ref>IANA Internet Protocol Version 6 Multicast Addresses.</ref>
Some common IPv6 multicast addresses are the following:
Address Description Available Scopes ff0X::1 All nodes address, identify the group of all IPv6 nodes Available in scope 1 (interface-local) and 2 (link-local): - ff01::1 → All nodes in the interface-local
- ff02::1 → All nodes in the link-local
ff0X::2 All routers Available in scope 1 (interface-local), 2 (link-local) and 5 (site-local): - ff01::2 → All routers in the interface-local
- ff02::2 → All routers in the link-local
- ff05::2 → All routers in the site-local
ff02::5 OSPFIGP 2 (link-local) ff02::6 OSPFIGP Designated Routers 2 (link-local) ff02::9 RIP Routers 2 (link-local) ff02::a EIGRP Routers 2 (link-local) ff02::d All PIM Routers 2 (link-local) ff02::1a All RPL Routers 2 (link-local) ff0X::fb mDNSv6 Available in all scopes ff0X::101 All Network Time Protocol (NTP) servers Available in all scopes ff02::1:1 Link Name 2 (link-local) ff02::1:2 All-dhcp-agents 2 (link-local) ff02::1:3 Link-local Multicast Name Resolution 2 (link-local) ff05::1:3 All-dhcp-servers 5 (site-local) ff02::1:ff00:0/104 Solicited-node multicast address. See below 2 (link-local) ff02::2:ff00:0/104 Node Information Queries 2 (link-local)
Конфигуриране на локална мрежа с IPv6
Създаване на машини
Да се импортират машини, които ще имат роля на рутерите integral, differential и bazhdar. Машините са с инсталирана quagga
IPv6 за локална мрежа
Задаляне на адресно пространство за локална мрежа ( Unique Local IPv6 Unicast Addresses - IPv4 - 192.168.0.0).
| 7 bits |1| 40 bits | 16 bits | 64 bits | +--------+-+------------+-----------+----------------------------+ | Prefix |L| Global ID | Subnet ID | Interface ID | +--------+-+------------+-----------+----------------------------+
- Prefix - FC00 :: / 7 префикс за идентифициране на локални IPv6 Unicast
aдреси;
- Global ID - 40-битов глобален идентификатор, използван за създаване на
уникален префикс;
- Subnet ID - 16-битов идентификатор на подмрежата;
- Interface ID- 64-битов интерфейс ID.
RFC 4193 - Unique Local IPv6 Unicast Addresses
Избор на GlobalID
Генератор на псевдослучаен адрес - http://www.simpledns.com/private-ipv6.aspx
Избор на адреси
Мрежа Адрес МАТ ЕМА ТIКА BAZH DIFF INTE
| Интерфейси | integral | bazhdar | differential |
|---|---|---|---|
| eth1 | |||
| eth2 | |||
| eth3 |
Настройка на адреси
За всеки от рутерите да се промени файлът:
/etc/network/interfaces
Примерна конфигурация за рутер integral:
# This file describes the network interfaces available on your system
# and how to activate them. For more information, see interfaces(5).
# The loopback network interface
auto lo
iface lo inet loopback
# The primary network interface
auto eth0
iface eth0 inet6 static
address fd02:c9ec:8c17:4::1
netmask 64
auto eth1
iface eth1 inet6 static
address fd02:c9ec:8c17:1::1
netmask 64
auto eth2
iface eth2 inet6 static
address fd02:c9ec:8c17:2::1
netmask 64
Проверка настройки
Проверка свързаността между рутерите.
ping6
Разглеждане на рутиращите таблици
route -6
Настройка на quagga
Добавяне на рутираните интерфейси
student@bazhdar$ telnet ::1 2606 ospf6d@plant# configure terminal ospf6d@plant(config)# router ospf6 ospf6d@plant(config-ospf6)# router-id 1.1.1.3 ospf6d@plant(config-ospf6)# interface eth0 area 0.0.0.0 ospf6d@plant(config-ospf6)# interface eth1 area 0.0.0.0 ospf6d@plant(config-ospf6)# interface eth2 area 0.0.0.0 ospf6d@plant(config-ospf6)# exit ospf6d@plant(config)# exit ospf6d@plant# write file
Проверка настройки
Проверка свързаността между рутерите.
ping6
Разглеждане на рутиращите таблици
route -6
